2 Cardinal Manifestations and Presentation of Diseases SECTION 1 PAIN 12 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Howard L. Fields / Joseph B. Martin 13 Chest Discomfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Thomas H. Lee 14 Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 William Silen 15 Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Peter J. Goadsby / Neil H. Raskin 16 Back and Neck Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 SECTION 2 ALTERATIONS IN BODY TEMPERATURE 17 Fever and Hyperthermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Charles A. Dinarello / Reuven Porat 18 Fever and Rash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Elaine T. Kaye / Kenneth M. Kaye e5 Atlas of Rashes Associated with Fever . . . . . . . . . . e23 Kenneth M. Kaye / Elaine T. Kaye 19 Fever of Unknown Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Jeffrey A. Gelfand / Michael V. Callahan 20 Hypothermia and Frostbite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Daniel F. Danzl SECTION 3 NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION 21 Syncope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 Mark D. Carlson 22 Dizziness and Vertigo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Robert B. Daroff 23 Weakness and Paralysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Michael J. Aminoff 24 Gait and Balance Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Lewis Sudarsky 25 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Michael J. Aminoff / Arthur K. Asbury 26 Confusion and Delirium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 S. Andrew Josephson / Bruce L. Miller e6 Memory Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e33 Thomas D. Bird / Bruce L. Miller 27 Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 M.-Marsel Mesulam 28 Sleep Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Charles A. Czeisler / John W. Winkelman / Gary S. Richardson SECTION 4 DISORDERS OF EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT 29 Disorders of the Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Jonathan C. Horton 30 Disorders of Smell, Taste, and Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Anil K. Lalwani 31 Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Michael A. Rubin / Ralph Gonzales / Merle A. Sande 32 Oral Manifestations of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Samuel C. Durso e7 Atlas of Oral Manifestations of Disease . . . . . . . . . e37 Samuel C. Durso / Janet A. Yellowitz / Jane C. Atkinson SECTION 5 ALTERATIONS IN CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS 33 Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Richard M. Schwartzstein 34 Cough and Hemoptysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Steven E. Weinberger / David A. Lipson 35 Hypoxia and Cyanosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229